Concrete Cutting Cutter Lynnfield MA Mass Massachusetts

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Lynnfield Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

Make the tank about 2'/ inches thick and well reinforced. As soon as inside form is removed wet and brush with a layer of pure �Portland Cement of the consistency of thin cream to make it water-tight. Keep the inside wet until it is to be used. Rain leaders or gutters are best constructed of concrete because they can be made for a very small cost, need no forms, are indestructible, and very attractive. Excavate a trench 4 inches deep by g inches wide in the sand or dirt from the end of the rain conductor to the required distance from the building. Make a small batch of concrete, in proportions one part granulated Portland cement to four parts unscree.ned sand and gravel, and fill the trench, hollowing out the surface and toweling a little to form the concrete trough. The water may be carried under the surface if desired by digging a deeper trench, placing it in a length of tin or sheet-iron pipe and surrounding this with concrete. When the pipe rusts out, the concrete tube will still remain.

Concrete retaining walls, in most localities, cost much less than rubble masonry. The design of the retaining walls shown in Fig. 15 is what is known as the gravity section, which means that the earth pressure is resisted by the weight of the wall. The following table gives the necessary dimensions and the amount of materials per foot of length of wall. The amount of material is figured, assuming that the concrete is made of one part Portland cement, two and one-half parts of clean, coarse sand, and five parts of screened gravel or stone. The foundation, as shown, is taken 4 feet below the ground level. In the Southern States, 3 feet, or even 2 feet, will be sufficient to get below the frost line. The exposed side or face of the retaining wall can be finished off in the same manner as described on page 27. The top surface must not be plastered or it will crack and is apt to peel off. The surface should be smoothed off with a trowel when the concrete is first laid, then as soon as it has begun to stiffen scrape off any light-colored scum with a wire brush or old curry comb, wet slightly, and trowel it, preferably with a wood float, but using no fresh mortar. �If a darn is to be built more than 4 or 5 feet above the bed of the stream, an engineer should be called upon to design it and look after the construction. For an ice pond or a pond for watering stock a concrete dam may be built across a brook without difficulty. If possible, dig a temporary trench so as to carry the water around the dam while it is being built. If this cannot be done, run the water through a wooden concrete trough in the middle of the darn, and after the wall, each side of it, is finished, carry the forms across the opening, and make these tight enough so that the water is quiet between them; then place the concrete as described on page 26. Dig a trench across the stream slightly wider than the width of the base of the dam, carrying it down about 18 inches or 2 feet below the bed of the brook, or if the ground is soft, deep enough to reach good, hard bottom.

�In case the earth is firm enough for a foundation, but is porous either under the darn or each side of it, sheet piling consisting of 2-inch tongued-and-grooved plank can be pointed and driven with a heavy wooden mallet so as to prevent the water flowing under or around the dam. Build the forms so as to make the wall of the dimensions shown in the table. Wet them thoroughly, then mix and place the concrete as described. Use proportions one part granulated Portland cement to two parts clean, coarse sand to four parts screened gravel or broken stone. Take special care to make the concrete water-tight by using a wet mix. If possible, lay the entire dam on one day, not allowing one layer to set before the next one is placed. If it is necessary to lay the concrete on two different days, scrape off the top surface of the old concrete in the morning, thoroughly soak it with water, and spread on a layer about � inch thick of pure cement of the consistency of thick cream, then place the fresh concrete before this cement has begun to stiffen.