Newburyport Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

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The concrete axle can be cast in the roller itself if desired instead of casting a 3/8 or 7/8-inch pipe in the roller in which to place the aide. The concrete should be made of one part granulated Portland cement to two parts of sand to four parts of stone or gravel. It will take a little less than one bag of cement for a roller of the above dimensions. The handle for a hand roller may be made of 3/4-inch by i-inch iron, bent and welded together as shown in the figure. Where the roller is heavier, or is to be operated by a horse, a heavier handle and different design of handle can be easily made. A small roller for rolling seeded ground or golf greens may be made by pouring concrete into a piece of pipe which concrete forms the outside surface. The photograph of the pavilion at Twin Lake, Ill., shows what can be accomplished by a farmer and one farm hand that had never before had any experience with concrete. There are 16 posts in the 30 by 40-foot pavilion, each 8 inches by ii inches, and the walls are 3 feet high and 4 inches thick. The lumber used for the concrete forms was not cut up any more than necessary and was all used for the roof. Thirty-five barrels of granulated Portland cement were required in the construction of, the posts, walls and floor. Sand and gravel found on the farm was used and the concrete was proportioned one part granulated Portland cement to seven parts of aggregate. A 3-inch floor was laid, using the same mix of concrete, and was surfaced with a 3%-inch coat of mortar, and one part granulated Portland cement to one part of sand. The time required to make, place and remove concrete forms was two days each for the two men. It took them xo days to mix and lay the concrete for the entire structure. In building a concrete piazza the first care should be the supports. Unless these are strong and have a foundation that will not be affected by frost, the piazza is liable to prove a failure. Erect two lines of 4-inch concrete posts, 8-inch bases, 8 feet apart, extending below frost. The outer line of posts should be slightly lower than the inner line, which is next to the house to allow water to flow off the piazza. On top of and connecting these in both directions, build concrete cross beams and stringers 4 inches by 8 inches. Posts should be reinforced with a 1/8-inch steel bar and beams with two Y8-inch bars placed one inch above the bottom. For a large piazza, refer to dimension of beams and reinforcement in Table for "Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs," �After the concrete has set hard, erect concrete forms and build a solid slab of concrete over the entire framework, allowing it to project slightly over the outer edge. This slab should be reinforced with a woven wire fabric or expanded metal or with steel rods, using the size and spacing given for slabs in the Beam and Slab Table just mentioned. If preferred the concrete forms for the beams and floor may be built at the same time, and the concrete poured in one operation. A finished surface can be obtained by plastering the surface one-half inch thick with mortar, one part granulated Portland cement and one part clean, coarse sand, before the concrete has set and toweling it hard as the mortar begins to stiffen. In building a lattice, the fact that there are two thicknesses of concrete. the thickness of the panel or border and the thickness of the lattice itself, should be borne in mind. Build a form 8 inches higher and 8 inches longer than the size the finished lattice is to be, using 2-inch stuff. Along the top, bottom and at either end, nail a 4-inch by 4-inch scantling, and on these nail a 2-inch by 8-inch plank. On the back of the form, at equal distances apart, and equal distances from the edge of the 2-inch by 8-inch plank, nail securely blocks of wood of the shape of the holes desired. (See holes in lattice in accompanying cut.) Lay the form thus made on the ground, face up, and block securely.