Concrete Cutting Cutter Townsend MA Mass Massachusetts

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Townsend Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

Concrete weighs about 130 pounds per cubic foot. Rubble concrete is a concrete in which large stones are placed, and will be discussed in Part II. The cost of concrete depends upon the character of the work to be done, and the conditions under which it is necessary to do this work. The cost of the material, of course, will always have to be considered, but this is not as important as the character of the work. The cost of concrete in place will range from $4.50 per cubic yard to $20, or even $25, per cubic yard. When it is laid in large masses, so that the cost of concrete forms is relatively small, the cost will range from $4.50 per cubic yard to $6 or $7 per cubic yard, depending on the local conditions and cost of materials. Foundations and heavy walls are good examples of this class of work. For sewers and arches, the cost will vary from $7 to $13. In building construction�floors, roofs, and thin walls�the cost will range from $14 to $20 per cubic yard.

The cost of Portland cement varies with the demand. Being heavy, the freight is often a big item. The price varies from $1 to $2 per barrel. To this must be added the cost of handling. The cost of sand, including handling and freight, ranges from $0.75 to $1.50 per cubic yard. A common price for sand delivered in the cities is $1.00 per cubic yard. The cost of broken stone delivered in the cities varies from $1.25 to $1.75 per cubic yard. The cost of gravel is usually a little less than stone.

Under ordinary conditions and where the concrete will have to be wheeled only a very short distance, the cost of hand-mixing and placing will generally range from $0.90 to $1.30 per cubic yard, if done by men skilled in this work. If a mixer is used, the cost will range from $0.50 to $0.90 per cubic yard. The cost of forms for heavy wall, and foundations, varies from $0.70 to $1.20 per cubic yard of concrete laid. The cost of forms and mixing concrete will be further din- cussed in Part IV. A rich concrete mixture, proportions 1:2:4�that is, 1 barrel (4 bags) packed Portland cement (as it comes from the manufacturer), 2 barrels (7.6 cubic feet) loose sand, and 4 barrels (15.2 cubic feet) loose stone�is used in arches, reinforced-concrete floors, beams, and columns for heavy loads; engine and machine foundations subject to vibration; tanks; and for water-tight work.

A medium concrete mixture, proportions 1: 2- :5�that is, 1 barrel (4 .bags) packed Portland cement, 2- barrels (9.5 cubic feet) loose sand, and 5 barrels (19 cubic feet) loose gravel or stone�may be used in arches, thin walls, floors, beams, sewers, sidewalks, foundations, and machine foundations. An ordinary concrete mixture, proportions 1 : 3 : 6�that is, 1 barrel (4 hag) packed Portland cement, 3 barrels (11.4 cubic feet) loose sand, and 6 barrels (22.8 cubic feet) loose gravel or broken stone� may be used for retaining walls, abutments, piers, floor slabs, and beams. A lean concrete mixture, proportions 1: 4 : 8�that is, 1 barrel (4 bags) packed Portland cement, 4 barrels (15.2 cubic feet) loose sand, and 8 barrels (30.4 cubic feet) loose gravel or broken stone�may be used in large foundations supporting stationary loads, backing for stone masonry, or where it is subject of a plain compressive load. These proportions must not be taken as always being the most economical to use, but they represent average practice.

Cement is the most expensive ingredient; therefore a reduction of the quantity of cement, by adjusting the proportions of the aggregate so as to produce a concrete with the same density, strength, and impermeability, is of great importance. By careful proportioning and workmanship, water-tight concrete has been made of a 1:3: 6 concrete mixtures. In floor construction where the span is very short and it is specified that the slab must be at least 4 inches thick, while with a high-grade concrete a 3-inch slab would carry the load, it is certainly more economical to use a leaner concrete.