Concrete Cutting Cutter Weston MA Mass Massachusetts

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Weston Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

The concrete mixing platform, which is usually 10 to 20 feet square, is made of 1-inch or 2-inch plank planed on one side and well nailed to stringers, and should be placed as near the work as possible, but so situated that the stone can be dumped on one side of it and the sand on the opposite side. A very convenient way to measure the stone and sand for the concrete mix is by the means of bottomless boxes. These boxes are of such a size that they hold the proper proportions of stone or sand to mix a batch of a certain amount. Cement is usually measured by the package that is by the barrel or bag, as they contain a definite amount of cement. The method used for mixing the concrete has little effect upon the strength of the concrete, if the mass has been-turned a sufficient number of times to thoroughly mix them. One of the following methods is generally used.

(a) Cement and sand mixed dry and shoveled on the stone or gravel, leveled off, and wet as the mass is turned.

�(b) Cement and sand mixed dry, the stone measured and dumped on top of it, leveled off, and wet, as turned with shovels.

(d) Cement and sand mixed with water into a mortar which is shoveled on the gravel or stone and the mass turned with shovels.

(e) Stone or gravel, sand, and cement spread in successive layers, mixed slightly and shoveled into a mound, water poured into the center, and the mass turned with shovels.

The quantity of water is regulated by the appearance of the concrete. The best method of wetting the concrete is by measuring the water in pails. This insures a more uniform mixture than by spraying the mass with a hose. On large contracts the concrete is generally mixed by machinery. The economy is not only in the mixing itself but in the appliances introduced in handling the raw materials and the mixed concrete. If all materials are delivered to the mixer in wheel-barrows, and if the concrete is conveyed away in wheel-harrows, the cost of making concrete is high, even if machine mixers are used. If the materials are fed from bins by gravity into the concrete mixer, and if the concrete is dumped from the mixer into cars and hauled away, the cost of making the concrete should be very low. On small jobs the cost of maintaining and operating the mixer will usually exceed the saving in hand labor and will render the expense with the machine greater than without it. It has already been stated that good concrete may be produced by either machine or hand mixing, if it is thoroughly mixed. Tests made by the U. S. Government engineers at Duluth, Minn., to determine the relative strength of concrete mixed by hand and mixed by machine (a cube mixer), showed that at 7 days, hand- mixed concrete possessed only 53 percent of the strength of the machine-mixed concrete; at 28 days, 77 percent; at 6 months, 84 percent; and at one year, 88 percent. Details of these tests are given. It should be noted in this connection, that the variations in strength from highest to lowest were greatest in the hand-mixed samples, and that the strength was more uniform in the machine- mixed. Steel for reinforcing concrete is not usually subjected to so severe treatment as ordinary structural steel, as the impact effect is likely to be less; but the quality of the steel should be carefully specified. To reduce the cost of reinforced-concrete structures, there has been a great tendency to use cheap steel. It has been generally recognized in the design of reinforced concrete, that the yield point or elastic limit of the steel shall be considered as the failing point. It has been shown by beam tests, that when the yield point of the steel is reached, the beam sags because of the stretching or slipping of the steel and the top of the beam is likely to crush.