Concrete Cutting Cutter Danvers MA Mass Massachusetts

Concrete Cutting Danvers

Concrete Cutting Cutter Danvers MA Mass Massachusetts

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Danvers Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

Since one of the first requirements of good concrete is that it shall be uniform and homogeneous throughout, the minimum amount of mixing is naturally that which will evenly distribute the ingredients throughout the mixture. By the time this condition is reached the aggregate will be properly coated with cement. However, somewhat longer mixing is beneficial because plasticity or workability is thereby increased. This is due to the gradual absorption of water by the cement particles, a chemical action which converts the dry cement powder into glue and turns tarpaulins or other protection, by continuous spraying and wetting, or by a combination of all these things�the one object is to keep the concrete from drying out for as long a time as conditions permit.

In conclusion, we should like to make one additional suggestion. Every contractor or builder is concerned with progress and development in concrete construction and should endeavor to keep posted on this subject. If you aren't in the habit of reading books or magazines or articles on concrete, begin now to acquire this habit. Subscribe to one or two magazines in the concrete field and read them. The term "aggregate" is applied to the materials which are used together with portland cement in the making of concrete. These materials, sand and gravel, or stone, comprise a very large proportion of the volume of concrete. This fact alone makes very evident the necessity of a careful inspection and selection to insure a satisfactory result. The general requirements for aggregate are that they be clean, rough, dense, hard, durable, and insoluble. The most abused of these is the first mentioned. Sand or stone which to the eye is very clean is often quite unfit for use in concrete work, generally due to an excess amount of silt or rotted vegetable matter. The quality of sand can often be determined by conducting a few simple tests, which are explained elsewhere in this book. The other requirements are equally important, but are not hard to meet in any locality. Aggregate is divided into two general classifications, "coarse" aggregate being all material retained on a 1%-inch sieve and "fine" aggregate that passing through a Y4-inch sieve. Coarse aggregate is gravel or crushed stone. The gravel, pebbles or crushed stone used must be clean, hard, tough and graded in size. The strength of this aggregate will be reflected in the concrete. Fine aggregate is sand. To make concrete of high strength requires well graded sand in size from fine to coarse. Fine uniform sand is not to be recommended, but the word "sand "frequently suggests this to the inexperienced person. The use of a small washing plant, such as is shown in the sketch, often makes available sand and gravel which, unwashed, would be wholly unfit for concrete. Such a plant is inexpensive to operate. It washes and grades the material in one operation.

For purposes of estimate only the following table is of value in computing the weight of aggregate. Commercial sand and gravel companies usually provide information regarding the .weights of their particular product.

Quantities of materials given in table below have been measured loosely without compacting. This table shows very clearly how the sand and Cement fill the voids in the large aggregate or stone. Note that in a mix of 1:2:4, being 7 cubic feet of dry material; we get but 4:2 cubic feet of concrete, water and all. In other words, the addition of three cubic feet of sand and cement swells the volume of the large aggregate but a half a cubic foot. This fact makes very evident the importance of keeping the water content as low as possible, not only because it is space filler which later evaporates, but because of -the prime necessity of having the cement and sand fill every void in the large aggregate. Wet or soupy concrete will frequently result in rocky, porous

Work requiring the extensive use of reinforcing steel, such as columns and floor slabs, should be designed by a competent engineer or architect. His services will assure correct design and remove the danger of failure due to insufficient or misplaced reinforcing material. Steel is always sold by the pound or ton, and the data given will assist in determining these amounts and facilitate the purchase in accordance with the quantities as shown on the plan of the proposed work. In the table below are given the areas and weights of square and round bars used for reinforcing steel. Square twisted bars which are used extensively have the same weight as straight-square bars.