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Watertown Massachusetts Concrete Cutting and Core Drilling

The alum dissolved in water, 1 pound pure alum in S gallons of water, is applied 24 hours later, the soap having had time to become dry and hard. The second wash is applied in the same manner as the first, at a temperature of 600 to 70� F. The alternate coats of soap and alum are repeated every 24 hours. Usually four coats will make an impervious coating. The soap and alum combine and form an insoluble compound, filling the pores of the concrete and preventing the seepage of water. The walls should be clean and dry, and the temperature of the air not lowers than 50� F., when the composition is applied. The composition should be applied while the concrete is still green. This method of waterproofing has been used extensively for years, and has generally given satisfactory results for moderate pressures. If asphalt is to be applied to a concrete surface, the concrete should be dry; and it will he found generally more satisfactory to coat the dry surface first with asphalt cut with naphtha. Unless the concrete is heated, it is generally very hard to make the asphalt adhere to the concrete. Rot asphalt applied to ordinary concrete surfaces will generally roll up like a blanket when it cools. The concrete should be heated by hot sand or the asphalt should he cut with naphtha. When the coat containing the naphtha has been applied�like a coat of paint�and is dry, then the asphalt mastic is applied. The asphalt mastic is composed of 1 part asphalt to 4 parts of sand. This is smoothed off with hot irons, and thoroughly tamped into place. If stone or earth is to be placed next to the asphaltic surface, it is best to cover the surface with roofing gravel to protect the asphalt. Asphalt paint has been used for a protective coat for all kinds of masonry where earth is to he placed against it. A coat of asphalt an inch thick applied with mops to a grout surface has been used satisfactorily for coating the interiors of tanks, for heads greater than 19 feet, by Mr. J. W. Schaub ("Transactions" of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. LI). Mr. Schaub states that he believes the 3-inch coat, in addition to the grout, is sufficient for a water pressure of 60 feet. In waterproofing concrete floors, roofs, subways, tunnels, etc., alternate layers of paper or felt are laid with asphalt, bitumen, or tar. These materials range from ordinary tar paper lay with coal-tar pitch, to asbestos or asphalt felt lay in asphalt. Coal-tar products deteriorate when exposed to moisture. Some asphalt are more suitable than others for waterproofing purposes; therefore the properties of any asphalt intended for waterproofing should be thoroughly investigated. In using these materials for rendering concrete water-tight, usually a layer of concrete or brick is first laid. On top of this is mopped a layer of hot asphalt; felt or paper is then laid on the asphalt, the latter being lapped from 6 to 12 inches. After the first layer of felt is placed, it is mopped over with hot asphalt compound, and another layer of felt or paper is laid, the operation being repeated until the desired thickness is secured, which is usually from 2 to 10 layers--or, in other words, the waterproofing varies from 2-ply to 10-ply. A waterproofing 4 ply felt course of this kind or a course as described in the paragraph on asphalt waterproofing, forms a distinct joint and the strength in bending of the concrete on the two sides of the layer must be considered independently. When asphalt, or asphalt laid with felt paper, is used for waterproofing the interiors of the walls of tanks, a 4-inch course of brick is required to protect and hold in place the waterproofing materials. Fig. 11 shows a wall section of a reservoir (Engineering Record, Sept. 21, 1907) constructed for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, which illustrates the methods described above.